Masculinity crises and the related symbols in Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome

Setiawan, Heri (2006) Masculinity crises and the related symbols in Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Madiun.

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Abstract

The objectives of the study entitled Masculinity Crises and the Related Symbols in Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome are (1) to describe the crises of masculinity suffered by the main character, (2) to know the causes of the masculinity crises, (3) to analyze the symbols that convey the crises of masculinity. The writer applies the library research including Internet browsing finding the conceptual models of masculinity crises, its causes and symbols. The conceptual models are used to find the data in the novel. The data corpus is in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and discourse that refer to the masculinity crises in Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome published by Charles Scribner's Sons in New York by the year of 1970. The psychological approach is used to analyze the masculinity crises of main character descriptively. Ethan's masculinity crises are: cowardice, despair, powerlessness and inferiority. Ethan's cowardice is shown when he becomes fear in facing his life and wife. Ethan's despair is seen when he loses his self-confidence to reach a happy life. His powerlessness is indicated by his no-love-based marriage out of his importance. Ethan's inferiority is shown by his obedience to his superior wife. The causes of Ethan's masculinity crises are interrupted education, female superiority, and poverty. The interrupted education is shown when he has to stop his study at Worcester because of his father's death. The female superiority is seen from Zeena's power that controls in the family. The poverty can be seen when he wants to rent money from Andrew Hale to make up his economic life. The symbols related to masculinity crises are winter, money, letter “L”,and suicide. Winter symbolizes irony, satire, and tragedy. Money becomes the symbol of authority, prestige and courage. It is seen from Ethan's condition that needs money to solve his poverty. The letter “L”, which connects the main house with the woodshed and cow barn, is missing from the house. In New England's tradition, this “L” shape is a kind is long-roofed that is built at right angles to the main house. The last symbol is suicide. Suicide is symbolizing the peak of his despair.

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